| Real-time Simulation and
Virtual Reality: Our
objective is to develop realistic and natural environments for human-computer interaction.
Our digital humans (virtual soldiers) live in the virtual world. In order to
interact with them, we create advanced visualization systems that enable the user to be
immersed, while allowing full interactivity with the virtual world.
Our investigation of real-time rendering methods are in parallel with our
investigations of real-time kinematics and dynamics methods...such that both calculations
occur in real-time on the same platform. Indeed, this reuqires the investigation of
various formulations that can be executed in real-time.

Research in this area include the following:
- Real-time computational issues (how to communicate with external
programs from the real-time simulation environment)
- Interactive and peripheral integration, which involves the integration
of sensors into the real-time simulation environment such as gloves, sensors, tracking
devices, sound, and many others.
- Visualization photorealism: We continue to investigate methods and
means of making scenes and products very realistic. The level of detail and the
level of fidelity and are issues that are addressed at all levels of the development
process.
- Synthetic environments: A great deal of work has been expended on
creating synthetic environments, whether for Santos human factors issues, or for design
reviews, or for prototyping of manufacturing products.
Digital manufacturing: We have worked with companies like Rockwell Collins
and Caterpillar to advance state of the art in the visualization of manufacturing
prototypes, leading to significant reductions in costs.
Selected references:
a. Abdel-Malek, K., Yang, J., Beck, S., and Nebel, K., Santos: A Virtual Human Environment
for Human Factors Assessment,24th Army Science Conference: Transformational Science and
Technology for the Current and Future Force, Orlando, Florida, Nov. 29-Oct. 2, 2004.
b. Yang, J., Abdel-Malek, K, Nebel
, Santos: A New Generation of Virtual Humans (Paper Offer #: 05MV-39) 2005 SAE
World Congress, April 11-15, Detroit, Michigan.
c. Farrell, K, Yang, J, Abdel-Malek, K,
Beck, S., Santos: A new interactive virtual human, SIGGRAPH 2004, Real-time
3DX demo or die, LA, CA.
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Advanced Virtual
Reality Systems

The Portal
is a 6-walled completely immersive virtual
reality system designed and developed at the University of Iowa with the help of industry
partnerships.
Stereoscopic Visualization
Passive/active stereo
Multi-channel clusters
The Santos environment has support for:
Trackers:
Ascension
Polhemus
InterSense
Vicon
Origin Systems
Sensable Technologies (PHANToM)
WorldViz (Precision Position Tracker PPT)
3rdTech
Advanced Realtime Tracking GmbH
DTrack
Crossbow RGA300 accelerometer
Immersion Microscribe.
Logitech 3D mouse.
and a multitude of other VR devices
TNGs from MindTel ..The Totally Neat Gadget Logitech (Magellan and Spaceball 6DOF) The Fraunhofer IMK ADBox and Fakespace Cubic
Mouse. DirectInput enabled joysticks (&
force-feedback joysticks) PC joysticks running under Linux. Global Haptics GeOrb (buttons and analogs). 5DT (glove tracker) Radamec Serial Position Interface video/movie
camera B&G systems CerealBox NRL ImmersionBox serial driver (support for
buttons only). Wanda analog/button device. National Instruments A/D cards. Zaber.com's linear positioning elements. Win32 sound servers, based on the Miles SDK
(obsolete), AuSIM sound hardware, and Microsoft DirectSound. SGI button and dial boxes (on an SGI or other
machines). UNC Python hand-held controller
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